The scale of the potential for shale gas extraction in the. In addition to the recent development of the barnett shale, oil and gas production from other geologic formations. Production of shale gas using the socalled fracking technology is currently the subject of a heated energy and environmental policy debate. Analyze production process to determine subsurface designs reservoir characteristics surface processing facilities. In terms of chemical makeup, shale gas is typically a dry gas composed primarily of methane 6095% vv, but some formations do produce wet gas.
However, some oil or natural gas will always be retained within the shale, adsorbed on to kerogen and clay particles, and filling pore spaces and natural fractures. The development of largescale shale gas production is changing the u. Shale gas exploration and production key issues and. The result of such a process can be far more damaging than a 20% cost overrun on a. What further work is needed if shale gas exploration and production. Download citation shale gas production processes the extraction of natural gas from shale. But all shale gas is not the same, and gas processing requirements for shale gas can vary from area to area.
How is shale gas extracted through hydraulic fracturing fracking. A supply glut of oil has led to greatly reduced oil prices and a decline in investment in nontraditional oil fields such as shale oil. Shale gas proved reserves, reserves changes, and production. Understanding shale oil and the controversial practice of frackington 720p duration. Fracking for shale gas production 5 1 introduction 1. Analysts expect shale gas will greatly expand worldwide energy supply unconventional gas production is expected to rise from 42% in 2007 to 64% in 2010 there is enough shale gas to support the u. Environmental safeguards on shale gas production needed as china begins development. However, the well development and gas extraction processes differ widely. Permeability refers to the capacity of a porous, sediment, soil or rock in this case to transmit a fluid. In the oil and natural gas industry over much of the 20th century, finding. Although, its popularity has grown over the years, there is much to be done to make their production and processing more costeffective. Most critics support the production of natural gas from shale. This is quickly followed by selfcontained chapters concerning new and evolving process technologies and their applications as well as environmental regulations. Methods which should reduce environmental footprint.
Composition variety complicates processing plans for us. Composition variety complicates processing plans for us shale gas by. This contrasts with a conventional gas reservoir produced from sands and carbonates such as. Shale gas has become an increasingly important source of natural gas in the united states since the start of this century, and interest has spread to potential gas shales in the rest of the world. Shale gas exploration and production key issues and responsible business practices guidance note for financiers this guidance note has been produced to assist financial institutions in their internal conversations and decisionmaking with regard to risks and responsible business practices associated with shale gas production. What is shale gas, how is it extracted through fracking. Shale gas production hydraulic fracturing is a key technique that has enabled the economic production of natural gas from shale deposits, or plays. Oil shale does not contain oil oroil shale does not contain oil or made of shalemade of shale instead, it is deposits of kerogeninstead, it is deposits of. Written in an easy to read format, shale gas production processes. Shale gas is natural gas produced from shale formations that typically function as both the reservoir and the source rocks for the natural gas. The main difference between tight gas and shale gas, however, is that tight gas can be found in low permeability sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones, while shale gas. Spe references csugspe 1pp shale gas modeling workflow. Due to the comparative complexity of nonconventional oil and gas extraction processes, lifecycles for nonconventional resources such as shale oil and gas are likely to take longer at the appraisal and develop phases.
It is this process that forms a potential shale oil or shale gas reservoir. Growth in argentinas vaca muerta shale and tight gas production leads to lng exports july 9, 2019 in 2018, 90% of the natural gas used in the united states was produced domestically. The study objective was to quantify net water use for shalegas production using data from texas, which is the dominant producer of shale gas in the u. Shale oil and gas are exactly the same product as oil and natural gas from conventional extraction. The problem, then, is that a shaleoil only search strategy. Brief but comprehensive, shale gas production processes.
Clean cities white paper template us department of energy. The extraction of natural gas from shale formations is no simple task and perhaps the most. Shale gas is the term often used to describe both tight gas and shale gas resources. Written in an easy to read format, shale gas production processes will prove useful for those scientists and. The us story and its implications, global energy center senior fellow ellen scholl looks at the factors which enabled the rise of oil and gas production from shale. Shale gas formations are unconventional reservoirs i. The amount of water used to produce energy by source ranges from five litres 1. While there are oil or gasonly installations, more often the wellstream will consist of a full range of hydrocarbons from gas. Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations. An assessment of oil shale technologies part 7 of 18. From microseismic to simulation a horn river case study o joint paper with cmg and nexen iptc14940 evaluation in data rich fayatteville shale gas. Here we assess the level of ghg emissions from shale gas.
Emissions from natural gas production in the barnett shale. Office of fossil energy natural gas production from shale. As an example, natural gas production will increase fertilizer production, since gas is the primary feedstock for this process. Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production. This process converts kerogen in oil shale into shale oil by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. Hydraulic fracturing commonly known as fracking is the process used to extract shale gas. The remainder of the diagram is the actual process, often called the gas oil separation plant gosp.
Use this site to educate the public about the processes involved in shale gas production, the. Determine which method of production of shale oil is the most feasible. Shale gas production requires less water than conventional production of oil and other forms of energy. Potential versus actual ghg emissions francis osullivan and sergey paltsev abstract estimates of greenhouse gas ghg emissions from shale gas production and use are controversial. The phenomenon of shale gas is both topical and controversial. Changes in reserves and production natural gas production and reserves are at levels not seen since the 1970s and both u. In order to produce gas economically, this is used in. Use this site to educate the public about the processes involved in shale gas production, the chemicals and water used, industry impact on the local economy. Currently, a weak energy market threatens production of oil and gas from the marcellus shale.